First-Order (6 dB/octave) Crossover

Component values:

High-pass (tweeter):

C = 1 / (2π × f_c × R)

Low-pass (woofer):

L = R / (2π × f_c)

Where R = speaker impedance (use nominal, e.g., 4Ω or 8Ω)

Worked example: 3,000 Hz crossover, 4Ω speakers:

C = 1 / (2π × 3000 × 4) = 1 / 75,398 = 13.3 μF
L = 4 / (2π × 3000) = 4 / 18,850 = 0.212 mH = 212 μH

Phase shift: 45° at crossover. Sum of HPF + LPF = flat but with 90° phase difference — may cause cancellation or reinforcement depending on driver polarity and placement.